https://www.ijs.ir/ Iranian Journal of Surgery en daily 1 Sun, 23 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Sun, 23 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.ijs.ir/article_741419.html The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medicine, particularly personalized medicine, has made significant progress. AI is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling the analysis of medical images, genetic data, and electronic health records to provide more accurate and timely diagnoses. By identifying individual patient characteristics and predicting treatment outcomes, AI aids in developing personalized treatment plans. Additionally, AI is employed in robotic surgery, image-guided interventions, and other surgical procedures.AI is increasingly integrated into surgical planning to enhance precision and improve outcomes. Despite its significant potential in medicine, challenges such as data privacy concerns and the need for robust validation remain. This review explores the most important findings regarding the applications of AI and personalized medicine in surgery. https://www.ijs.ir/article_741448.html Background and Objective: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen, and accurate diagnosis plays a crucial role in reducing negative appendectomy rates and disease-related complications. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of abdominal ultrasonography and the Alvarado scoring system with histopathological findings in patients suspected of having acute appendicitis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 117 patients with suspected acute appendicitis who underwent appendectomy were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, clinical findings, laboratory results, ultrasonographic findings, and Alvarado scores were collected and compared with histopathological findings, which served as the reference standard. Results: Of the 117 patients, 75 (64.1%) had histopathologically confirmed acute appendicitis, while 42 (35.9%) had negative appendectomy. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a sensitivity of 40%, specificity of 69%, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 50.4%. Both the mean white blood cell (WBC) count and the mean Alvarado score were significantly higher in patients with confirmed acute appendicitis than in those without appendicitis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasonography alone demonstrates insufficient sensitivity for the definitive diagnosis of acute appendicitis. However, combining ultrasonography with the Alvarado scoring system, clinical assessment, and laboratory findings significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy and facilitate more informed clinical decision-making. https://www.ijs.ir/article_741450.html Background and Objective: Binge eating disorder (BED) presents a significant health challenge, adversely affecting individuals' quality of life. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of group schema therapy in alleviating emotional distress and intolerance of uncertainty among patients with BED who are considering sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass surgery. Materials & Methods: This research utilized a semi-experimental design, incorporating pre-test and post-test assessments alongside a control group. The participant population comprised patients diagnosed with BED who sought surgical intervention at medical centers in Tehran Province in 2023. Assessment was conducted using the Eating Disorder Questionnaire developed by Stice et al. (2001). A total of 30 individuals volunteered for the study, with 15 participants randomly allocated to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The experimental group received a group schema therapy protocol adapted from the treatment methodology for eating disorders by Simpson and Smith (2020). Conversely, the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collection involved administering questionnaires measuring intolerance of uncertainty and emotional distress, followed by analyses using univariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 26. Results: The analysis revealed a significant effect size, demonstrating that group schema therapy resulted in a 69% reduction in emotional distress and a 64% decrease in intolerance of uncertainty among participants (p<0.001). These findings support the efficacy of group schema therapy in reducing emotional distress and intolerance of uncertainty in patients with BED who are seeking surgical treatment. Conclusion: Group schema therapy exhibits considerable potential as an effective intervention for reducing emotional distress and intolerance of uncertainty in patients with BED. The findings suggest that implementing group schema therapy can enhance self-esteem and improve social relationships among patients, thereby contributing positively to their overall well-being. https://www.ijs.ir/article_738865.html Background: Empyema is characterized by a pus-filled collection in the thoracic cavity, usually resulting from an infection in the pleural space, often due to bacterial pneumonia. This study aims to compare the complications, pain intensity, length of hospitalization, and outcomes of two treatment methods: thoracotomy and thoracoscopy, in patients with stage 2 empyema. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients hospitalized at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom, Iran, from 2021 to 2023. Sampling was performed using a two-stage stratified random method, and patient information, including history, clinical examinations, and demographic data, was recorded. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Patients undergoing thoracoscopy experienced significantly less pain (8.8 vs. 4.87; p=0.001), shorter hospital stays (7.03 vs. 3.47 days; p=0.001), and faster surgical site healing (4.43 weeks vs. 1.14 weeks; p=0.001) compared to those undergoing thoracotomy. Additionally, the readmission rate was higher in the thoracotomy group (22.8%) compared to the thoracoscopy group (11.6%) (p=0.001). Discussion: The findings of our study, alongside other research, suggest that thoracoscopy, due to its less invasive nature, results in better outcomes, including less pain and quicker recovery compared to thoracotomy. However, in more complex cases, individualized surgical planning may still require thoracotomy. Conclusion: Thoracoscopy is a superior surgical approach compared to thoracotomy for managing empyema, leading to reduced complications and facilitating faster patient recovery. https://www.ijs.ir/article_738866.html مقدمه: درد حاد پس از کوله‌سیستکتومی لاپاراسکوپیک همچنان یکی از چالش‌های مهم بالینی است که می‌تواند بر روند بهبودی و رضایت بیمار تأثیر منفی بگذارد. محدودیت‌ها و عوارض روش‌های رایج کنترل درد، توجه به رویکردهای کمکی ایمن‌تر را افزایش داده است. ویتامین C با خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدالتهابی، گزینه‌ای بالقوه در این زمینه محسوب می‌شود. هدف این مطالعه، تعیین اثربخشی تزریق ویتامین C در پیشگیری از درد حاد پس از جراحی کوله‌سیستکتومی لاپاراسکوپیک است.روش کار: این مطالعه به‌صورت کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی‌شده و دوسوکور بر روی ۷۰ بیمار کاندید کوله‌سیستکتومی لاپاراسکوپیک انجام شد که به دو گروه ویتامین C و پلاسبو تقسیم گردیدند. مداخله شامل تزریق داخل‌وریدی ویتامین C بود. شدت درد ارزیابی شد و داده‌ها با آزمون‌های تی مستقل، کای‌اسکوئر تحلیل گردیدند.نتایج: میانگین شدت درد پس از عمل در تمام زمان‌های ارزیابی در گروه ویتامین C کمتر از گروه کنترل بود. این اختلاف از ورود به PACU شروع شد (001/0˂P) و در ۲ و ۴ ساعت پس از عمل با کاهش درد به کمتر از ۱ در گروه ویتامین C به‌طور معنی‌دار ادامه یافت (001/0˂P). تفاوت بین دو گروه در ۶، ۱۲، ۱۸ و ۲۴ ساعت پس از عمل نیز حفظ شد (005/0=P تا 009/0=P) و نشان‌دهنده اثربخشی پایدار ویتامین C در کاهش درد حاد پس از جراحی است.نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که تزریق ویتامین C یک مداخله مؤثر و عملی برای پیشگیری از درد حاد پس از جراحی کوله‌سیستکتومی لاپاراسکوپیک است و می‌تواند به بهبود پیامدهای بالینی و تجربه بیماران کمک کند.